Cai Wenji Returning to China in 207 AD, 17th-18th century (ink and colour on silk)

Traditionally attributed to Chen Juzhong (late 12th-early 13th century); Cai Yan (c. 178 – post 206; or c. 170–215; or died c. 249), courtesy name Wenji, was a poet and musician who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. She was the daughter of Cai Yong. Her courtesy name was originally Zhaoji, but was changed to Wenji during the Jin dynasty as the Chinese character for zhao is the same as Sima Zhao, the father of the Jin dynasty's founding emperor, Sima Yan. She spent part of her life as a captive of the Xiongnu until 207, when the warlord Cao Cao, of the Eastern Han dynasty, paid a heavy ransom to bring her back to Han territory.[