China: Mao Zedong (1893-1976) in 1958, at the start of the 'Great Leap Forward'.

Under the Great Leap Forward, Mao and other party leaders ordered the implementation of a variety of unproven and unscientific new agricultural techniques by the new communes. Combined with the diversion of labor to steel production and infrastructure projects and the reduced personal incentives under a commune system, this led to an approximately 15% drop in grain production in 1959 followed by a further 10% reduction in 1960. The net result, which was compounded in some areas by drought and in others by floods, was that the rural peasants were not left enough to eat and many millions starved to death in the largest famine in human history. This famine was a direct cause of the death of some 30 million Chinese peasants between 1959 and 1962.