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Chamarat, Josselyne (Sibroc)

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Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Chatiments”. Exile following the coup d'état of December 2, Victor Hugo (1802-1885) published in 1853 “Chatiments”, a furious torrent of imprecations against Napoleon III, which he called “Napoleon the little” and presented as a stupid, dishonest and bloodthirsty tyrant. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 20, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Chatiments”. Exile following the coup d'état of December 2, Victor Hugo (1802-1885) published in 1853 “Chatiments”, a furious torrent of imprecations against Napoleon III, which he called “Napoleon the little” and presented as a stupid, dishonest and bloodthirsty tyrant. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 20, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401074

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Freedom of speech”. Opposition bailed by the minions of the imperial government of Napoleon III. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, November 20, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Freedom of speech”. Opposition bailed by the minions of the imperial government of Napoleon III. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, November 20, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401073

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “No one knows that Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte once vanished from Fort de Ham under the clothing of a macon, it is said, named Badinguet.” In fact, the macon was called Pinguet, the name of “Badinguet”. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, September 25, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “No one knows that Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte once vanished from Fort de Ham under the clothing of a macon, it is said, named Badinguet.” In fact, the macon was called Pinguet, the name of “Badinguet”. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, September 25, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401060

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Freedom of the press”. Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician, commented: “The minister of the interior had told Hippolyte de Villemessant (1810-1879), my editor-in-chief that if he continued to let me circulate without a muzzle, Le Figaro would pay with his life this recklessness.” Rochefort left the newspaper “” Le Figaro”” in 1867 to found La Lanterne (“A lantern can be used both to enlighten honest people and to hang criminals”), whose first number appeared on 30 May 1868. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, May 30, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Privat

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Freedom of the press”. Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician, commented: “The minister of the interior had told Hippolyte de Villemessant (1810-1879), my editor-in-chief that if he continued to let me circulate without a muzzle, Le Figaro would pay with his life this recklessness.” Rochefort left the newspaper “” Le Figaro”” in 1867 to found La Lanterne (“A lantern can be used both to enlighten honest people and to hang criminals”), whose first number appeared on 30 May 1868. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, May 30, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Privat

JOC4401025

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Massacre of minors in Ricamaria””. Ricamarie, a mining city in the Saint-Etienne region, has severely repressed strikes. There are several deaths among minors. La Lanterne, May 7, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Massacre of minors in Ricamaria””. Ricamarie, a mining city in the Saint-Etienne region, has severely repressed strikes. There are several deaths among minors. La Lanterne, May 7, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401097

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Freedom of Voting””: Napoleon III monitors the ballot boxes, arms in hand.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Freedom of Voting””: Napoleon III monitors the ballot boxes, arms in hand.

JOC4401020

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Empire is peace”: Emperor Napoleon III proclaimed: “Some people say that empire is war, I say: empire is peace.” On July 19, 1870, France declared war on Prussia. Just two months later, Sedan's defeat ended the imperial regime. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, July 4, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Empire is peace”: Emperor Napoleon III proclaimed: “Some people say that empire is war, I say: empire is peace.” On July 19, 1870, France declared war on Prussia. Just two months later, Sedan's defeat ended the imperial regime. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, July 4, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401037

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Triumph of Bonapartist Finance”. Business development often leads to stock market scandals and corruption. According to Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865): “Improbite regains in morals and piracy in business...”. The Macaroni mines are probably the Ricamarie mines. La Lanterne, May 14, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Triumph of Bonapartist Finance”. Business development often leads to stock market scandals and corruption. According to Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865): “Improbite regains in morals and piracy in business...”. The Macaroni mines are probably the Ricamarie mines. La Lanterne, May 14, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401095

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” The troupe breaking the press of the Republican newspapers””: The Republican press strongly opposed the coup d'état of 2 December by Napoleon III. La Lanterne, April 23, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” The troupe breaking the press of the Republican newspapers””: The Republican press strongly opposed the coup d'état of 2 December by Napoleon III. La Lanterne, April 23, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401092

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “From 1 July onwards, the underwriters of the imperial loan shall enter into use”. Commentary by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), French journalist and politician: “” By announcing the issue of four hundred and a few million which the ever-increasing prosperity of our finances forces to borrow, the “Moniteur” adds naively: “The enjoyment of the loan is from 1 July”. These financiers have these words.” Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, August 8, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “From 1 July onwards, the underwriters of the imperial loan shall enter into use”. Commentary by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), French journalist and politician: “” By announcing the issue of four hundred and a few million which the ever-increasing prosperity of our finances forces to borrow, the “Moniteur” adds naively: “The enjoyment of the loan is from 1 July”. These financiers have these words.” Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, August 8, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401049

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The two moities of Rocagonle (memory of a drawing of the period)””. Rocagonle, unscrupulous heros by Pierre Ponson du Terrail (1829-1871), whose adventures were the delight of soap lovers. In November 1867 Andre Gill had already published in “La Lune” a cartoon of the same type: on one side a dandy resembling Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873), on the other a criminal Rocamander. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, June 13, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The two moities of Rocagonle (memory of a drawing of the period)””. Rocagonle, unscrupulous heros by Pierre Ponson du Terrail (1829-1871), whose adventures were the delight of soap lovers. In November 1867 Andre Gill had already published in “La Lune” a cartoon of the same type: on one side a dandy resembling Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873), on the other a criminal Rocamander. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, June 13, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401028

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Parallele between Jules Cesar and Napoleon III”. The Roman Emperor is a model for Napoleon III, which published in 1865-1866 a “Histoire de Jules Cesar” in 2 volumes. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, July 25, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Parallele between Jules Cesar and Napoleon III”. The Roman Emperor is a model for Napoleon III, which published in 1865-1866 a “Histoire de Jules Cesar” in 2 volumes. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, July 25, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401044

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Empire is borrowing.” The government of Napoleon III practiced the policy of borrowing, especially to finance its wars. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, July 4, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Empire is borrowing.” The government of Napoleon III practiced the policy of borrowing, especially to finance its wars. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, July 4, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401034

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Fraternal Arm”: at its beginning, the empire of Napoleon III was rather favourable to the working world, but soon became concerned about the rise of socialist ideas. The reign ends in the middle of a fire of strikes, and the troop rebukes in blood. Illustration by Frid'Rick La Lanterne, July 18, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Fraternal Arm”: at its beginning, the empire of Napoleon III was rather favourable to the working world, but soon became concerned about the rise of socialist ideas. The reign ends in the middle of a fire of strikes, and the troop rebukes in blood. Illustration by Frid'Rick La Lanterne, July 18, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401041

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Decors should be forced to pick up the cross themselves at the top of a matte of cocagne. We would be sure at least that they would have done something to get it.” Among these undeserving decors is the Archeveque of Paris, Georges Darboy (1813-1871) (see caricature in “La Lanterne”, 15 August 1868). Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 1, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Decors should be forced to pick up the cross themselves at the top of a matte of cocagne. We would be sure at least that they would have done something to get it.” Among these undeserving decors is the Archeveque of Paris, Georges Darboy (1813-1871) (see caricature in “La Lanterne”, 15 August 1868). Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 1, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401045

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “To see the degree of popularity enjoyed by the imperial government, one only has to look at the first-come subscription fund of the unofficial newspapers.” The term “unofficial newspapers” is used here as “government newspapers”, foremost of which is Le Constitutionnel. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 13, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “To see the degree of popularity enjoyed by the imperial government, one only has to look at the first-come subscription fund of the unofficial newspapers.” The term “unofficial newspapers” is used here as “government newspapers”, foremost of which is Le Constitutionnel. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 13, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401072

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “A writer I have no intention of approaching as a call to the revolt.” Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician published in “La Lanterne” a collection of texts full of generous ideas written by Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte before his accession to power and in total contradiction with imperiale politics. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, August 29, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “A writer I have no intention of approaching as a call to the revolt.” Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician published in “La Lanterne” a collection of texts full of generous ideas written by Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte before his accession to power and in total contradiction with imperiale politics. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, August 29, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401054

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “We take money from every newspaper that ceases to please.” The court had just sentenced Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician, to 1 year's imprisonment and a fine of 10,000 francs. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 22, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “We take money from every newspaper that ceases to please.” The court had just sentenced Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician, to 1 year's imprisonment and a fine of 10,000 francs. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 22, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401055

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Egyptian Conciliation. Our government must regret that our morals cannot live with the viceroy's legislation.” It reads further: In Egypt “any depute of the opposition who allows himself to observe the course of business must expect to see himself sewn in a bag of canvas and precipite in the Nile”” (or to have his head cut, according to the engraving). Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, June 20, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Egyptian Conciliation. Our government must regret that our morals cannot live with the viceroy's legislation.” It reads further: In Egypt “any depute of the opposition who allows himself to observe the course of business must expect to see himself sewn in a bag of canvas and precipite in the Nile”” (or to have his head cut, according to the engraving). Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, June 20, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401032

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The burden of power”. The expenses of the “imperiale fete” of Napoleon III are very criticized. According to Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician, we eat in Compiegne for 40,000 francs a day. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, October 30, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The burden of power”. The expenses of the “imperiale fete” of Napoleon III are very criticized. According to Henri Rochefort (1831-1913), a French journalist and politician, we eat in Compiegne for 40,000 francs a day. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, October 30, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401067

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Sainte Pelagie, patron saint of journalists””. The Sainte-Pelagie prison was established in 1790 in a convent on the Sainte-Genevieve mountain (Sainte Genevieve in Paris). In the 19th century, prisoners for debt and political opponents were locked up. Henri de Rochefort stayed there. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, March 21, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Sainte Pelagie, patron saint of journalists””. The Sainte-Pelagie prison was established in 1790 in a convent on the Sainte-Genevieve mountain (Sainte Genevieve in Paris). In the 19th century, prisoners for debt and political opponents were locked up. Henri de Rochefort stayed there. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, March 21, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401083

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Maximilian, shot by the Mexican Republicans.” Maximilian I of Mexico or Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph (1832-1867), brother of the Austrian Emperor Francois-Joseph was placed on the throne of Mexico by Napoleon III in 1864. But soon abandoned by Europe, he fell into the hands of his enemies and was shot on 19 June 1867. La Lanterne, June 25, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Maximilian, shot by the Mexican Republicans.” Maximilian I of Mexico or Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph (1832-1867), brother of the Austrian Emperor Francois-Joseph was placed on the throne of Mexico by Napoleon III in 1864. But soon abandoned by Europe, he fell into the hands of his enemies and was shot on 19 June 1867. La Lanterne, June 25, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401106

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Stamir, the police journalist.” Alexandre Stamirowski, dit Stamir, had published in his newspaper “L'Inflexible”, a slanderous article accusing Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) of fraud. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, July 11, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Stamir, the police journalist.” Alexandre Stamirowski, dit Stamir, had published in his newspaper “L'Inflexible”, a slanderous article accusing Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) of fraud. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, July 11, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401035

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “How the empire protected its letters”

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “How the empire protected its letters”

JOC4401062

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “A barn drummer misfortune having had, at the time of the draw, the dark vein of bringing the number 7”: according to the conscription system, the one who draws the wrong number must complete 7 years of service, unless he can pay a replacement. La Lanterne, July 4, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “A barn drummer misfortune having had, at the time of the draw, the dark vein of bringing the number 7”: according to the conscription system, the one who draws the wrong number must complete 7 years of service, unless he can pay a replacement. La Lanterne, July 4, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401040

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “We finally decided to do a commemorative service for King Louis of Hollande (1778-1846), husband of Queen Hortense (Hortense de Beauharnais, 1783-1837)”. King Louis of Holland, father of Emperor Napoleon III known for his marital misfortunes. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 8, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “We finally decided to do a commemorative service for King Louis of Hollande (1778-1846), husband of Queen Hortense (Hortense de Beauharnais, 1783-1837)”. King Louis of Holland, father of Emperor Napoleon III known for his marital misfortunes. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 8, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401047

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “France still has its watch.” The precise commentary that if the servants of Napoleon III have not yet completely abandoned it, “it is that France (...) still has its watch””, and after having almost completely devalised it, they nourish the secret hope of taking it down completely””. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, October 10, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “France still has its watch.” The precise commentary that if the servants of Napoleon III have not yet completely abandoned it, “it is that France (...) still has its watch””, and after having almost completely devalised it, they nourish the secret hope of taking it down completely””. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, October 10, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401061

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Dussoubs, representative of the people, kills on a barricade, in the December coup d'état.”” Denis Dussoubs (1814-1851), a lawyer and brother of the Republican depute Gaston Dussoubs had gone to the barricades to represent his sick brother. He was killed there, like Depute Baudin. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 27, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Dussoubs, representative of the people, kills on a barricade, in the December coup d'état.”” Denis Dussoubs (1814-1851), a lawyer and brother of the Republican depute Gaston Dussoubs had gone to the barricades to represent his sick brother. He was killed there, like Depute Baudin. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 27, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401075

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Mr. Mouton, elector””. The popularity of Emperor Napoleon III was enormous in the countryside that enjoyed a period of prosperity under the Second Empire. It is the peasants who support the regime in elections. Illustration by Sapeck, La Lanterne, June 11, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Mr. Mouton, elector””. The popularity of Emperor Napoleon III was enormous in the countryside that enjoyed a period of prosperity under the Second Empire. It is the peasants who support the regime in elections. Illustration by Sapeck, La Lanterne, June 11, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401110

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Monsignor Sibour”. Marie Dominique Sibour (1792-1857). Organiser of the “Te deum” celebrating the coup d'état on January 1, 1852. The cartoonist, like Hugo in Chatiments, plays on the Sibour/ciboire analogy, here filled with the blood of the victims of 2 December.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Monsignor Sibour”. Marie Dominique Sibour (1792-1857). Organiser of the “Te deum” celebrating the coup d'état on January 1, 1852. The cartoonist, like Hugo in Chatiments, plays on the Sibour/ciboire analogy, here filled with the blood of the victims of 2 December.

JOC4401115

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Marguerite Bellanger. Julie Leboeuf, became an actress under the name of Marguerite Bellanger, is the last lasting affair of Emperor Napoleon III to whom she gave a son, Charles, did in 1864. La Lanterne, July 23, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Marguerite Bellanger. Julie Leboeuf, became an actress under the name of Marguerite Bellanger, is the last lasting affair of Emperor Napoleon III to whom she gave a son, Charles, did in 1864. La Lanterne, July 23, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401116

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Gill's melon (drawing of the period)”. Following the censorship of one of his drawings, Andre Gill (1840-1885), a French cartoonist, replaced him with that of a melon deprived of one of his slices and opened his mouth to deliver a speech. The cartoon, published in L'Eclipse on 15 August 1868, is in turn censured for “obscenite”. The identity of the person represented is controversial. Illustration by Andre Gill, published in L'Eclipse and reproduced in La Lanterne, August 15, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Gill's melon (drawing of the period)”. Following the censorship of one of his drawings, Andre Gill (1840-1885), a French cartoonist, replaced him with that of a melon deprived of one of his slices and opened his mouth to deliver a speech. The cartoon, published in L'Eclipse on 15 August 1868, is in turn censured for “obscenite”. The identity of the person represented is controversial. Illustration by Andre Gill, published in L'Eclipse and reproduced in La Lanterne, August 15, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401048

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Master Leon Gambetta, defensor of Delescluze in the Baudin subscription proceedings””. Louis Charles Delescluzes (1809-1871), founder of the opposition newspaper “” Le Reveil”, had launched the idea of a subscription intended to raise a monument to Depute Baudin, killed on the barricades on 3 December 1851. Trained before the courts by Emperor Napoleon III, he was brilliantly defended by Leon Gambetta (1838-1882), ovationne at the end of the trial, but despite all condemnation. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, November 27, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Master Leon Gambetta, defensor of Delescluze in the Baudin subscription proceedings””. Louis Charles Delescluzes (1809-1871), founder of the opposition newspaper “” Le Reveil”, had launched the idea of a subscription intended to raise a monument to Depute Baudin, killed on the barricades on 3 December 1851. Trained before the courts by Emperor Napoleon III, he was brilliantly defended by Leon Gambetta (1838-1882), ovationne at the end of the trial, but despite all condemnation. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, November 27, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401077

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Correction to a bad policy””. Napoleon III imprudently engaged in Mexico by encouraging the accession of Maximilian I of Mexico or Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph (1832-1867), brother of Emperor Francois Joseph of Austria. The Mexican case is linked to questionable financial combinations. Abandoned by France, Maximilian was shot on 19 June 1867. The record of the case is desastrous. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, April 2, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Correction to a bad policy””. Napoleon III imprudently engaged in Mexico by encouraging the accession of Maximilian I of Mexico or Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph (1832-1867), brother of Emperor Francois Joseph of Austria. The Mexican case is linked to questionable financial combinations. Abandoned by France, Maximilian was shot on 19 June 1867. The record of the case is desastrous. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, April 2, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401087

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Minister is not responsible””. The ministers depend only on Emperor Napoleon III and are toys in his hands.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The Minister is not responsible””. The ministers depend only on Emperor Napoleon III and are toys in his hands.

JOC4401030

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Imperiale modesty. How a wreath saltimbank is covered with laurels on coins””” Saltimbanque for the cartoonist or “” Chuck poorly washes [that] disguises in Cesar””””””” Cesar Bat””” and “Cesar bandit”””” for Victor Hugo in Chatiments referring to Emperor Napoleon III. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 29, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Imperiale modesty. How a wreath saltimbank is covered with laurels on coins””” Saltimbanque for the cartoonist or “” Chuck poorly washes [that] disguises in Cesar””””””” Cesar Bat””” and “Cesar bandit”””” for Victor Hugo in Chatiments referring to Emperor Napoleon III. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, August 29, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401053

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Thanks to the emperor bigote, the last of the Napoleon (Napoleon III) regains from the top of a benitier.” The pious impress Eugenie de Montijo (1826-1920) is criticized for her support for the Church, especially in the “Roman question”. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, October 16, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Thanks to the emperor bigote, the last of the Napoleon (Napoleon III) regains from the top of a benitier.” The pious impress Eugenie de Montijo (1826-1920) is criticized for her support for the Church, especially in the “Roman question”. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, October 16, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401066

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Imperiale censorship.” The hideous censorship attacks the Republican newspapers: Le Reveil, Le Reminder, l'Electeur and, of course, La Lantern, which won the strongest audience. La Lanterne, May 21, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Imperiale censorship.” The hideous censorship attacks the Republican newspapers: Le Reveil, Le Reminder, l'Electeur and, of course, La Lantern, which won the strongest audience. La Lanterne, May 21, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401099

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Saint-Arnaud, accomplice of the Deux-Decembre, is caught in Crimea of a very violent dysentery that exhausts him and from which he dies.” Armand Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint Arnaud (1798-1854), military, adventurer and comedian under the name of Florival, general commander Paris in 1851, executor of the coup d'état of Napoleon III on 2 December 1851. Winner at the Battle of the Alma, he died of cholera in Crimee in 1854. La Lanterne, June 4, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Saint-Arnaud, accomplice of the Deux-Decembre, is caught in Crimea of a very violent dysentery that exhausts him and from which he dies.” Armand Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint Arnaud (1798-1854), military, adventurer and comedian under the name of Florival, general commander Paris in 1851, executor of the coup d'état of Napoleon III on 2 December 1851. Winner at the Battle of the Alma, he died of cholera in Crimee in 1854. La Lanterne, June 4, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401104

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The apostate Emile Ollivier”. Emile Ollivier (1825-1913), Republican, son of the outlawed coup d'état of 2 December, joined the Empire in 1866. He could not avoid the war in 1870 and even declared that he considered it “with a light heart”

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The apostate Emile Ollivier”. Emile Ollivier (1825-1913), Republican, son of the outlawed coup d'état of 2 December, joined the Empire in 1866. He could not avoid the war in 1870 and even declared that he considered it “with a light heart”

JOC4401109

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The New Way of the Cross (Imitation of Jesus Christ (Jesus Christ)” The Archeveque of Paris Georges Darboy (1813-1871), unreputed for his Christian virtues, according to Henri Rochefort, had received the cross of great officer of the Legion of Honour on the occasion of 15 August, feast of Emperor Napoleon III. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, August 15, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “The New Way of the Cross (Imitation of Jesus Christ (Jesus Christ)” The Archeveque of Paris Georges Darboy (1813-1871), unreputed for his Christian virtues, according to Henri Rochefort, had received the cross of great officer of the Legion of Honour on the occasion of 15 August, feast of Emperor Napoleon III. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, August 15, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, vol1), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401056

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Death of the Duke of Enghien, shooting in the pits of Vincennes””. La Lantern also attacked the uncle of Napoleon III, evoking the assassination of Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien (1772-1804), suspected of conspiracy, abducted in neutral country and shot on 21 March 1804. La Lanterne, April 23, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Death of the Duke of Enghien, shooting in the pits of Vincennes””. La Lantern also attacked the uncle of Napoleon III, evoking the assassination of Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien (1772-1804), suspected of conspiracy, abducted in neutral country and shot on 21 March 1804. La Lanterne, April 23, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401090

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Henri Rochefort””” Henri Rochefort's coat of arms, sword and pen in hand. Illustration by H.Demare, La Lanterne, August 20, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “” Henri Rochefort””” Henri Rochefort's coat of arms, sword and pen in hand. Illustration by H.Demare, La Lanterne, August 20, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401113

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). In the event of a war, the emperor would be general-in-chief. Despite the illness, Emperor Napoleon III intends to retain his duties as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, September 25, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). In the event of a war, the emperor would be general-in-chief. Despite the illness, Emperor Napoleon III intends to retain his duties as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, September 25, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401063

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “If the Empire takes from Robert Macaire by Napoleon III, it takes from Loyola by his pious wife. At the Tuileries, now we find Jesuites everywhere.” Robert Macaire, boasting crook, heros of the piece “” L'Auberge des Adrets”” and a series of lithographs by Daumier. In Chatiments, Hugo compares Napoleon III several times to Robert Macaire. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 6, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “If the Empire takes from Robert Macaire by Napoleon III, it takes from Loyola by his pious wife. At the Tuileries, now we find Jesuites everywhere.” Robert Macaire, boasting crook, heros of the piece “” L'Auberge des Adrets”” and a series of lithographs by Daumier. In Chatiments, Hugo compares Napoleon III several times to Robert Macaire. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, November 6, 1868. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 1, volume 2), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401071

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Of the most beautiful eagle, that's all left! “The Imperial Eagle, Second Empire version of Napoleon III. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, February 19, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Of the most beautiful eagle, that's all left! “The Imperial Eagle, Second Empire version of Napoleon III. Illustration by Andre Gill, La Lanterne, February 19, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

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Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Saint-Arnaud. A saint who, on the day when he is put on the calendar, will be the patron of the butchers.” Saint-Arnaud (Arnaud Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint Arnaud, 1798-1854), military, adventurer and comedian under the name of Florival, general commander Paris in 1851, executor of the coup d'état. Winner at the Battle of the Alma, he died of cholera in Crimee in 1854. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, February 19, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Saint-Arnaud. A saint who, on the day when he is put on the calendar, will be the patron of the butchers.” Saint-Arnaud (Arnaud Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint Arnaud, 1798-1854), military, adventurer and comedian under the name of Florival, general commander Paris in 1851, executor of the coup d'état. Winner at the Battle of the Alma, he died of cholera in Crimee in 1854. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, February 19, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

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Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Morny's soul ascending to heaven.” The Duke of Morny (1811-1865) was the Emperor's half-brother, son of Queen Hortense and General de Flahaut. Dandy, a gambler, covered with debts, is nevertheless a political end. He took part in the coup and became Minister of the Interior. He presided over the legislature from 1854 to his death, much regretted by Emperor Napoleon III. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, February 26, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). “Morny's soul ascending to heaven.” The Duke of Morny (1811-1865) was the Emperor's half-brother, son of Queen Hortense and General de Flahaut. Dandy, a gambler, covered with debts, is nevertheless a political end. He took part in the coup and became Minister of the Interior. He presided over the legislature from 1854 to his death, much regretted by Emperor Napoleon III. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, February 26, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

JOC4401082

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Everything for the ladies! “”. General Fleury (1815-1884) took an active part in the coup d'état of 2 December. He remains the faithful accomplice of sovereign Napoleon III in politics and privacy. La Lanterne, July 9, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Everything for the ladies! “”. General Fleury (1815-1884) took an active part in the coup d'état of 2 December. He remains the faithful accomplice of sovereign Napoleon III in politics and privacy. La Lanterne, July 9, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

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Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Prince Pierre Bonaparte. Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte (1815-1881), son of Lucien Bonaparte and cousin of Napoleon III did not accept the coup d'état of 2 December and left politics. Violent character, he killed journalist Victor Noir with a gun, on January 10, 1870. Obseques give rise to demonstrations hostile to the empire. Pierre Bonaparte will be acquitted. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, March 21, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

Cartoon of the politics of the Second Empire (Bonapartiste Regime) directed by Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, dit Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808-1873). Prince Pierre Bonaparte. Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte (1815-1881), son of Lucien Bonaparte and cousin of Napoleon III did not accept the coup d'état of 2 December and left politics. Violent character, he killed journalist Victor Noir with a gun, on January 10, 1870. Obseques give rise to demonstrations hostile to the empire. Pierre Bonaparte will be acquitted. Illustration by Frid'Rick, La Lanterne, March 21, 1869. Engraving in “” Napoleon dernier: Les Lanternes de l'Empire”” (Volume 2, volume 3), reedition of 1880-1881 of 75 issues of the newspaper “” La Lanterne “” published by Henri Rochefort (1831-1913) between 30/05/1868 and 29/10/1869 at the Anti-Clerical Librairie. Private collection.

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